Abstrac
Illegal sand mining process is very influential on the
development environment of ecosystem and economic activities, because so many
causes loss of the various sectors. What if it is kept on the run there will be
a disaster, such as flood, and landslides. This illegal mining should be
anticipated by local governments and central government, so that no more people
who get annoyed by this sort of thing. This
sand was mined will be sold to other regions, so there is absolutely no benefit
to the region itself.
NEGATIVE
IMPACT OF ILLEGAL SANDS MINING
I.
Introduction
Illegal sand mining carried by the entrepreneur, it
brings a negative impact. With the
existence of these mines could bring negative impact on nature. This can also lead to a variety of natural
disaster or environmental damage.
Illegal mining has been making people nervous, because the fear of
something that does not want. It is
expected to the government to deal with the problem of this illegal mining to
do not event of a disaster, environmental damage and distrubance to local
economiec.
There are several negatif impact of illegal mining that
could hurt many people. This is the
factor of disaster, environmental damage and economic disruption.
A.
Disaster
“Natural disasters are a
consequence of a combination of natural activity ( a physical event, such as
volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides ) and human activity, due to the powerlessness of human beings, because lack of good
management of the emergency, thus causing losses in the financial and
structural, even unto death. The
resulting loss depends on the ability to prevent or avoid disasters and their
durability”. (Andika 2011-01-02) .
However, in areas with high levels of danger and has
a vulnerability or insecurity is high also will not give a great impact or
wider if men who are there have a disaster resilience. The concept of disaster
resilience is the valuation of system capabilities and infrastructures to detect, prevent and deal with
serious challenges that are present.
Thus despite the disaster prone areas with large populations if blanced
with sufficient resilience to disaster.
But now we are talking about how the disaster that arises
because of the illegal sand mining. It is very much a problem for the development
environment, it is caused by illegal mining.
Natural disasters do not just happen naturally but can also occur in the
presence of human actions who are not responsible.
v Landslides
“A landslide is the movement of slope-forming materialmin
the form of rocks, the ground, or mixture of the material is moving down or
exit ramp. The occurrence of landslides
can be explained as follows. The water
seeped into the ground will add weight to the ground. If water penetrates the ground that acts as an waterproof area of
slip, the ground was slippery and the weathering of the ground above it will move
to follow the slope and exit ramp”. (Meta 2011-06-15).
Very likely that landslides caused by illegal sand mining,
because the existing dredging in the river bottom with force. Should people who do illegal mining has to be
more concern, would damage the environment around it by not doing things that
can cause landslides could occur.
Landslides are exacerbated by human activities,
including:
·
Illegal sand
mining, farming and construction, which destabilize the already fragile slopes.
·
Work to change the
shape of slope ground, or that impose new burdens on the exiting slope.
·
The deepening of
the shellow ground, roots movement of vegetation.
·
Contruction,
agriculture or forestry (logging) whice change the amount of water in the
soil.
v Flood
Flood is event
inundated and its setting the land, because of increased water volume. Flooding can occur due to excessive water
peluapan somewhere from heavy rains, overflowing rivers, or rupture of the dam
of the river. Flood is caused by the
illegal mining is likely to occur, because dredging the river bed by force so
that the downstream river becomes wider and causing puddles river overflowed
onto land when it rains. In the presence
of illegal sand mining, it can make the bottom of the river becomes deeper and
the trees that surround the river can not accommodate the amount of water that
is too much at the roots so that there was flood.
“An overflow or
inundation that comes from a river or other body of water and causes or
threatens damage. Any relatively high streamflow overtopping the natural or
artificial banks in any reach of a stream”. (U.S. Geological Survey 2011-11-01).
B.
Environment
Environtment is the scope that surrounded by living and
nonliving. Bad or not really depends on
living in the vicinity. “Word
“environment” is most used describing “natural” environment and means the sum
of all living and non-living things that surround organisms. Environtment includes all elements, factors,
and conditions that have some impact on gowth and development of certain
organism”. (Ned Haluzan 2008-08-09).
Element of environmentare metters related to : earth, air, water,
natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and the relationship between these
factor.
With the presence of illegal sand mining could damage the
environment and effect the development of living in that place, illegal sand mining
can also bring negatif impact on the user’s natural results. Environment is very important political and
social movement with goal to protect nature environment by emphasizing
importance of nature role in protection of the environment in combination with
various actions and policies oriented to nature preservation.
As a human of course, we should be concern about the
preservation of the environment that exists around us, so we should pay more
attention to the behavior of people who are not responsible, a case of people
who do the work as illegal miners.
v The
clear water become muddy
Initially clear water can be muddy, because of the soil
particles are lifted from the bottom of the water and spread onto the surface, so that it can cause water to become
muddy. The main causes of this are
illegal sand mining so the clean water can not be consumed by people who want
to use it.
v Erosion
Erosion is the erosion event solids (sedimen, soil,
rocks, and other particle) transport from wind, water or ice, rainfall
characteristics, soil creep and other materials under the influence of gravity,
or by living things such as animals make burrows, in terms of this are called
bio-erosion. Erosion is not the same as
the decay due to weather, which is the process of destruction of mineral rocks
by chemical or physical processes, or a combination of both. “Erosion is a natural process that causes
things to break apart and move away from their source. Water, wind and tillage
are the main types of erosion”. (Angelheart).
There are several kinds of erosion :
v Splash erosion
Erosion is caused by water droplets of rain that falls to
the ground, because the impact of rain water droplets, soil particles are
finely separated and thrown into the air.
v Sheet erosion
Erosion is by water falling on the ground surface and
flowed evenly so that soil particles are equally lost on the surface of the
ground. Surface of the soil becomes
evenly lower. Erosion occurs when the soil surface resistance to erosion has
relatively same.
v
Riil erosion
Erosion by flowing water on the soil surface by forming
furrows with a depth of several centimeters. Erosion occurs on sloping ground
and has the same resistance to erosion
v Gully erosion
Erosion by water flowing over a sloping ground surface or
slope of the hills which form grooves are deep and wide reach several meters,
and shaped V.
v Valley erosion
erosion by flowing water in the hills that form the
valleys of the river or the slopes of the hills. Groove or valley shaped V. Erosion dominant vertically.
But this time we are talking about erosion problems
caused by illegal sand mining, as this will greatly affect the environmental
damage. illegal sand mining has caused erosion to be unreasonable, because has
eroded the land surface of the riverbed with force.
The impact of erosion is a decreased ability of the soil
to percolate water (infiltration).
therefore the soil layer can no longer absorb water into the soil so
that there was flooding in the river.
v Destroying
the water ecosystem
“Ecosystem is the set of dead object (Abiotic) With
living orgaisms (Biotic) In one place and interact with each other to form a
unity or in other words mutal relationship between organisms somewhere” (Dimi 2012-04-16). Water ecosystems contained within the river
is dependent on the preservation of nature around him, but all that have
nothing to preserve it to maintain their viability.
·
This is some examples of
water ecosystems :
-
fish
-
algae
- Economic
“Economics is a field study of
management of material resources of individuals, communities and countries to
improve the welfare of human life. Therefore, the economy is the science of
human behavior and actions to meet the varied needs of life and developing
existing resources through the choices of production, consumption or
distribution”. (Indah).
There ara also understanding of economic according to the
experts :
Adam Smith
Economics is the study of the circumstances and causes of
wealth of nations
Mill J. S
Economics is the science practical about spending and
billing.
Abraham Maslow
Economics is one field study that try to
solve the problem of the principle purposes of human life through
penggemblengan all economic resources available to berasaskan certain
principles and theories in an economic system that is considered effective and
efficient.
Hermawan Kartajaya
Economics is a platform which is attached above the
industry sector.
Paul A. Samuelson
Economy in ways that are done by humans and
his group to utilize limited resources to obtain the various commodities and
distribute them for consumption by the public.
Economy is very important for society, because
the economy enough to live with a prosperous society. illegal sand mining is so
is disturbing activities that take advantage of the river as their employment. economy in community life is very important,
so the preservation of nature in order to keep the welfare of the society in
that environment must be maintained by local governments and central
governments.
v Decreases employment of society
In the presence of illegal sand mining could
reduce employment opportunities for people who are nearby. For example for people who are wage washing, fishing,
and for the people who use river water for bathing. society economy
is disturbed by the presence of illegal miners are very worrying, what else for
the people who depend their livelihood from the existing results in the river. Existing jobs can not be enabled by society
because of this illegal mining.
Reference
ekosistem-sungai.html
blogspot.com-environment-and-mining.html
menurutpara
ahli info501.html
-jenis-dan-gejalanya.html
waterwatch/flood/defination.html
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